Digital transformation in society: key aspects for model development

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the digital transformation processes that are currently taking place in the economy, production, education and society as a whole. The main reason digital transformation is impact of the digital technologies. Modern digital technologies, services and systems are extremely important for social development. One of the key issues for the implementation of digital transformation is changes in the way of thinking and requirements for the competencies of workers in the industry. First of all, it is connected with people’s understanding of digital transformation processes and with their ability to use digital technologies effectively. For specifying Ukrainian educators’ awareness level about digital transformation processes, there were conducted survey. Research results have shown that there is a need to increase their awareness level about digital transformation processes. Based on the analysis of the considered researches the authors have developed a generalized model of digital transformation for enterprises, businesses and educational institutions.

An example of how digital technologies have become a part of our everyday life is the infographic (figure 1). It is developed according to the Internet portals Statista, Visual Capitalist, Business Insider, Gamespot, Techcrunch, Omnocode Agency, Doordash, Business of Apps, New York Times, Music Business Worldwide, INC., Hootsuite, Dustin Stout, Reddit, Uber, Amazon, Wox that demonstrate what happened within one minute of human activity with the use of digital technologies in 2020 [15].
The report of the consulting company Accenture (for 2017) identifies five new digital technologies that can transform global economic development [16]: Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big Data, Robotic Process Automation (RPA).
The use of digital technologies is transforming business models, resulting in new products and services; the format of works is changing (outsourcing, online platforms, improved automation, robotics, etc.). Real-time work with digital data fundamentally changes the ways of management, production, sale and use of products [17].
Thus, modern digital technologies, services and systems are extremely important for social development. Their introduction into the activities of enterprises and organizations, engineering and technology, production and non-production processes allows to expand the range of goods and services, improve their quality and compliance with consumer demand, increase productivity Figure 1. The results of human daily activities with the use of digital technologies within one minute in 2020. Source: data from https://www.domo.com/learn/data-never-sleeps-8. and form new value-added chains. This will ensure growth and creation of jobs in all economy sectors (from the smallest traditional enterprises to the latest high-tech industries).
However, the education system is failing behind the general state of digital transformation in society. In our opinion, the main problem is the lack of understanding by the participants of the educational process of the institutions (higher, secondary and vocational) what is the difference between the use of digital technologies and innovations provided by the transformational changes that digital technologies bring to the educational process, and comprehension of concepts, structure, required and sufficient conditions and processes of digital transformation in general and in education in particular.
Paper goals. That is why, the purpose of this paper is to define Ukrainian educators'

Research methods
The authors have used the following research methods and tools for the investigation (2020).
Quantitative methods: 1) study and analysis of scientific monograph; 2) study and analysis of research papers; 3) study and analysis of documents about digital transformation; 4) analysis approaches for development digital transformation model; 5) (online) meeting, (video) conference, seminar, workshop, etc.
Qualitative methods: survey and interview of the Ukrainian educators to determine their awareness about digital transformation.

Theoretical background
The rapid development of digital technologies and, as a consequence, the digitalization of many sectors of society have led to the introducing such terms as "digitization", "digitalization", "digital transformation", which, in its turn, led later to the digital transformation concept [18][19][20][21].
Digital transformation is the use of digital technologies [22] to fundamentally increase the productivity and value of enterprises [23]. Now this is the focus of managers and employees of actively competing industries around the world. It is understood as a profound transformation of: (i) production and organizational operations, (ii) processes, (iii) responsibilities of employees, and (iv) models of their activities.
Digital transformation is due to the use of rapidly developing digital technologies and their accelerated impact on society. Such transformation takes into account the changes that have already happened, happening and will happen in the future [24]. The processes of digital transformation are affecting many areas of human activity. They are felt in all areas where there is mechanization and automation of data processing.
During the process of digital transformation, enterprises should: • turn customers into partners, • elicit the creative potential of staff, • make all business processes flexible, scalable and natural, • review or, if necessary, develop a new business model; Not every innovation related to the introduction or modernization of information systems can be attributed to the digital transformation of the enterprise. In order to be "digital transformated", the implementation of an information system should [25]: • lead to a fundamental (a qualitative step forward) increase in efficiency upon key performance indicators of work organization (improvement by many times), • use modern digital technologies that are economical, scalable and flexible, adapted to rapid change (cloud computing , big data, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, etc.), • be cross-cutting, i.e., affect several areas of transformation (customers and products, employees and processes, etc.), • transform the enterprise into a learning organization → knowledge, • be accumulated, analyzed and applied by using digital technologies with the participation of staff and/or external experts.
Owing to digitization, data becomes easily available for use on various platforms, devices, and interfaces.
The issue of defining the concept of "digital transformation" is currently quite relevant in foreign and domestic scientific literature. Research papers [17,27,28,32,35,[42][43][44][45][46][47] propose different approaches to the definition of this concept. In our opinion, the approaches do not significantly contradict each other. However, these definitions are not complete enough, in our opinion.
Based on the analysis and synthesis of the concept interpretations, we define digital transformation as fundamental changes in the organizational structure of companies, production, ecosystem, industry as a whole by optimal integration of traditional processes and digital technologies with their gradual implementation at all levels.
The last stage is final in the concept of digital transformation. Owing to its introduction, the modern digital business models and processes are restructuring the economy. Society is also developing and changing when people integrate digital technologies into their life and daily habits [48].
Summarizing the abovementioned considerations, we present the stages of digital transformation ( figure 2).
The researches of Cognizant Center for the Future of Work (USA) [50] showed that the rapid development of digital technologies has already affected traditional business processes, IT infrastructure and social life ( figure 3).
At the beginning of 2020, production and social life are generally affected by such technologies (figure 4) [50].
Combined digital technologies (shown in figure 3 and figure 4) are increasing their impact on business and social life. Figure 5 shows the areas in which fundamental changes are expected due to the digital transformation.  Figure 2. Stages of digital transformation (based on [48,49]).   • what steps need to be taken for the digital transformation of companies, production, ecosystem, and a particular industry as a whole, • what changes in educational systems need to be made to adapt people and accelerate their inclusion into the processes of digital transformation.

Development of digital transformation model
One of the key issues for the implementation of digital transformation is changes in the way of thinking and requirements for the competencies of workers in the industry. First of all, it is connected with people's understanding of digital transformation processes and with their ability to use digital technologies effectively.
For specifying Ukrainian educators' awareness level about digital transformation processes, authors have conducted survey. The online survey was elaborated (in Ukrainian) using Google Forms. 78 Ukrainian educators have taken part in the present research (during December 2020). We guaranteed participants that only anonymized data would be shared.
The survey contained information about digital transformation processes in society and education.
The data on the Ukrainian educators' awareness level about digital transformation processes are presented in figures 6-9 below.
Q.: How do you understand the digital transformation? Figure 6. Survey responses on understanding the digital transformation.
As we can see from figure 6, the largest group of respondents (50%) understands the digital transformation correctly. At the same time, about 37% of educators have defined the digital transformation as process of transformation and / or improvement of organizations' activity through the use of the digital technology (digitalization). 10% of respondents have defined it as digitization. This means that there is a need to increase their awareness level about digital transformation processes.
Q.: Is the digital transformation a priority identified at the national level in Ukraine? Figure 7 are shown that despite the fact that the majority of respondents are aware of this issue (almost 61%), a large percentage of respondents (39%) do not know whether the digital transformation a priority identified at the Ukrainian national level or not. This means that there is a need to disseminate these issues at national level, for example to introduce these questions as a part of training and retraining of specialists. especially for educators.  As we can see from figure 8, the most popular answers are "digital technology development" (57%), "digital infrastructure development" (57%) and "level of development of public digital competence" (63%). That means that respondents have defined of the main needs for digital transformation correctly. But citizens also should will know about other needs for digital transformation such as cybersecurity, telecommunication services and e-government and e-democracy development etc.
Q.: What are the most important steps to carry out digital transformation?
The most popular answers are "development of the digital transformation strategy", "ensuring cybersecurity" and "development of a new level of employees' thinking". Second in importance are the following issues: "digitalization of processes", "retraining and advanced training of employees" and "introduction of digital tools in the activities of a particular sector". That means that citizens have general idea about the steps of the digital transformation processes.
Q.: Which of the following causes the digital transformation of education? Figure 9. Survey responses on the causes the digital transformation of education.
As we can see from figure 9, the largest group of respondents defines of the digital technology impact (57%) and new requirements for the competence of specialists (53%) as the main causes the digital transformation of education. At the same time, about 33% of educators suggest that emergence of new professions also impact on the digital transformation of education.
According to the conducted research we can make conclusion about necessary to increase awareness level of the Ukrainian citizens about digital transformation processes in whole. One of the ways for solve this problem is to development digital transformation model and implementation it to companies, production, ecosystem, industry, education etc. Now, the topical issue of numerous studies of researchers, economists, public and state specialists, etc. is developing of the digital transformation, through which it will be possible to determine the digital transformation strategies and ways to implement them. Such issues for the digital transformation of various areas are actively explored by the following researchers as J. Bumann [51], M.K. Peter [51] (general research), M.W. Wildan [52], A.I. Umri [52], H.U. Hashim [52], A.R.A. Dahlan [52] (economy, business), J.M. Pawlowski [28], A. Rof [53], A. Bikfalvi [53], P. Marqus [53], T. Muluk [54], T. Nanaeva [55], D. Nguyen [56] (education), I. Mergel [57], N. Edelmann [57], N. Haug [57] (public administration) and others.
The main components of this model are:  The proposed model takes into account the goals, digital technologies impact, changing services and new demands. The brief description is below.
• Virtual collaboration and virtual communication.

Conclusions
Thus, the results of the digital transformation are new products, services, policies, markets, environment and development of the digital society as a whole. The process of the digital transformation is unavoidable of all spheres of human life. Firstly, for this, we should transform the education.
The main steps for the successful implementation of the digital transformation in education are following: • creating a modern digital educational environment to provide equal access to quality educational services and resources anywhere, anytime and in order to improve the quality of education, • digitalization of all components of the educational process, • effective use of modern digital technologies and data through the development of digital skills and competencies of all education stakeholders, • formation of new competencies of the educational process participants, i.e., competencies which are necessary for a successful life in the digital society, • defining requirements for digital competencies of heads of educational institutions and educational policy makers, • developing special innovative courses for heads of educational institutions, which provided them with an understanding of the concept of digital transformation of education and ways to ensure its, • introduction of SELFIE in all educational institutions.
In the future, the authors will plan to design the recommendation for building of the digital transformation model of education.