Typology of aspectual oppositions of polysemantic verbs in the modern ukrainian language

Кардаш, Лариса Василівна and Кулик, Олена Дмитрівна and Овсієнко, Людмила Миколаївна (2026) Typology of aspectual oppositions of polysemantic verbs in the modern ukrainian language Теоретична і дидактична філологія (41). pp. 246-259. ISSN 2309-1517, 2415-3656

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Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the lexicogrammatical category of aspectuality in the Ukrainian verb through the prism of its polysemantic structure. The relevance of the study is predetermined by the existence of controversial views regarding the nature of aspectual opposition and the status of prefixal formations, which in modern linguistics are interpreted both as aspectual pairs and as separate lexemes. The scholarly inquiry is based on the theoretical foundation of works by prominent domestic (O. Potebnia, V. Rusanivskyi, I. Vykhovanets, K. Horodenska, A. Zahnitko) and foreign linguists, which allowed for a reevaluation of the category of aspect as an indissoluble unity of grammatical meaning and lexical semantics. The paper substantiates that the functioning of aspectual correlations is directly determined by the polysemy of the verb. It is established that each lexico-semantic variant (LSV) within the structure of a polysemantic lexeme can possess an individual aspectual characteristic, rendering the aspectual pair a relationship not between words as a whole, but between their specific meanings. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of perfectivization and imperfectivization, specifically the role of prefixes as polyfunctional tools capable of altering the verbal aspect while maintaining its lexical identity. The author identifies and describes in detail several models of aspect formation. The first model covers cases of complete correspondence of aspectual pairs across all LSVs (e.g., hrymity – prohrymity / to thunder), indicating the functioning of aspectual prefixes. The second, more bifurcated model, illustrates the differentiation of meanings where one LSV forms an aspectual pair, while another remains in the status of imperfectum tantum due to the non-terminative nature of the action (e.g., braty / to take, tsvisty / to bloom, kysnuty / to sour). Complex types of correlations that combine synonymous prefixation with secondary suffixal imperfectivization (zasvidchyty – zasvidchuvaty / to certify) are analyzed separately, proving the functional redundancy and simultaneously the high precision of the Ukrainian verbal system. It is proven that the choice of a prefix for forming an aspectual pair often depends on the specific contextual meaning of the word. The results of the study hold practical significance for improving lexicographical practice, particularly for structuring dictionary entries of polysemantic verbs, as well as for the in-depth study of the patterns of modern media discourse and the methodology of teaching the Ukrainian language

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	category of aspect; aspectual pair; lexico-semantic variant (LSV); verbal polysemy; perfectivization; imperfectivization; purely aspectual prefix; grammatical meaning; lexical meaning; verbal paradigmatics
Subjects:	Статті у періодичних виданнях > Фахові (входять до переліку фахових, затверджений МОН)
Divisions:	Факультет української філології, культури і мистецтва > Кафедра української мови
Depositing User:	Людмила Миколаївна Овсієнко
Date Deposited:	28 Apr 2026 13:58
Last Modified:	28 Apr 2026 13:58
URI:	https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/57139

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