Isotopes prove advanced, integral crop production, and stockbreeding strategies nourished Trypillia mega-populations

Schlütz, F. та Hofmann, R. та dal Corsoa, M. та Pashkevych, G. та Dreibrod, S. та Shatilo, M. та Terna, A. та Fuchs, K. та Videiko, Mykhailo та Rud, V. та Müller, J. та Kirleis, W. (2023) Isotopes prove advanced, integral crop production, and stockbreeding strategies nourished Trypillia mega-populations PNAS, 120 (52). с. 1-10. ISSN 0027-8424

Текст M_Videiko_ta_in_PNAS_52_2023_FSHN.pdf Download (1MB)

Анотація

After 500 y of colonizing the forest-steppe area northwest of the Black Sea, on the territories of what is today Moldova and Ukraine, Trypillia societies founded large, aggregated settlements from ca. 4150 BCE and mega-sites (>100 ha) from ca. 3950 BCE. Covering up to 320 ha and housing up to 15,000 inhabitants, the latter were the world’s largest settlements to date. Some 480 δ 13C and δ 15N measurements on bones of humans, animals, and charred crops allow the detection of spatio-temporal patterns and the calculation of complete agricultural Bayesian food webs for Trypillia societies. The isotope data come from settlements of the entire Trypillia area between the Prut and the Dnieper rivers. The datasets cover the development of the Trypillia societies from the early phase (4800–4200/4100 BCE), over the agglomeration of mega-sites (4200/4100–3650 BCE), to the dispersal phase (3650–3000 BCE). High δ 15N values mostly come from the mega-sites. Our analyses show that the subsistence of Trypillia mega-sites depended on pulses cultivated on strongly manured (dung-)soils and on cattle that were kept fenced on intensive pasture s to easy collect the manure for pulse cultivation. The food web models indicate a low proportion of meat in human diet (approximately 10%). The largely crop-based diet, consisting of cereals plus up to 46% pulses, was balanced in calories and indispensable amino acids. The flourishing of Europe’s first mega-populations depended on an advanced, integral mega-economy that included sophisticated dung management.Their demise was therefore not economically, but socially, conditioned [Hofmann et al., PLoS One. 14, e0222243 (2019)].

Тип елементу :	Стаття
Додаткова інформація:	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2312962120
Ключові слова:	Chalcolithic; Trypillia economy; paleodiet; manure production; legumes
Типологія:	Це архівна тематика Київського університету імені Бориса Грінченка > Статті у наукометричних базах > Scopus
Підрозділи:	Це архівні підрозділи Київського університету імені Бориса Грінченка > Факультет суспільно-гуманітарних наук > Кафедра історії України
Користувач, що депонує:	д.і.н. Михайло Юрієвич Відейко
Дата внесення:	21 Груд 2023 09:01
Останні зміни:	07 Січ 2024 12:00
URI:	https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/48022

Actions (login required)

Перегляд елементу