Панченко, В.Г. and Резнікова, Н.В. and Птащенко, О.В. and Іващенко, Оксана Андріївна (2024) Digital transformations of the international labor market in the conditions of labor force platformization Ефективна економіка (2). ISSN 2307-2105
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Abstract
The purpose of the article is to study the phenomenon of platformization of employment as a manifestation of digital transformations of the international labor market. The transformation of the international labor market is a fact. Depending on the position of the researcher, who, in the process of defending it, risks being involved in his beliefs, the digitalization of work appears as a source of prosperity and well-being or as an instrument of discrimination and preservation of inequality. Avoiding methodological prudence, scientists often resort to the concept of "planetary labor market", report on the absolute power of capital over labor, note the emergence of "digital landlords", "invisible labor", "logged labor", predict the absence of any rights for workers and even the end of geography, when existing borders collapse under the pressure of the digital age man, and new ones appear instead, defined by Internet cables. Of course, such categoricalness requires a critical understanding, and in some places it is puzzling, because the formation of a new international digital division of labor, which will form new forms of dependence and interdependence, is becoming obvious. Labor platforms are no longer perceived as a niche solution and are being discussed as a paradigmatic model of labor organization, which, in particular, is reflected in the popular term uberization. Labor platforms differ significantly from traditional organizations. They lack a managerial hierarchy and subordination relationships; workers act as individual, formally independent producers. The quantitative composition of the labor force is not clearly defined, its boundaries are blurred. Platform employment is an important topic in the overall analysis of the “platform economy”, “platform capitalism” and “platform society”. The digital gig economy is a logical continuation of the trends towards deregulation of the labor market, destandardization and flexibilization of employment that have been unfolding over the past decades. Digital platforms are market-forming, making it difficult to act as a seller, buyer, employee, community member, or any other role outside of the platforms. Relying on fundamental information asymmetries, platforms create short-term incentives that should help mobilize and maximize the efforts of workers on demand, depending on market conditions and the goal setting of the platform itself. Platforms have been found to use uneven geographic locations to facilitate labor arbitrage, cross-border competition, and are capable of amplifying large-scale and interrelated exogenous factors that, in turn, lead to their social and spatial segmentation and fragmentation. Competition for digital jobs drives down the value of digital labor, thus perpetuating the income gap while generating profits for digital platforms. Two types of digital employment platforms are distinguished - autonomous and regulated, which relate to the issues of communication between the employee and the employer and the specifics of pricing, product quality control and the work process, the process of employment legalization, as a result of which various social effects are produced. Digital platforms are creating a new type of transnational remote work markets. Digital labour platforms modify the coordination of labor demand and supply and exacerbate the conflict of interest due to the «race to the bottom» policy, where the reduction of labor costs under the influence of high competition from the supply side for employers entails a decrease in wages, which against the background of the absence benefits and employment guarantees for workers can be defined as «digital discrimination». Differences in approaches to the classification of employees on digital platforms make it impossible to develop unified approaches to dispute settlement and the formation of a social security system for gig workers. In many developing countries, the lack of access to digital infrastructure causes the uneven growth of digital work platforms and further widens the digital divide, thereby exacerbating inequality between countries and the divergence of international economic development. Bridging this gap requires concerted political decisions.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | international migration; digitalization; digitalization; transformation; gig economy; platform economy; digital development; digital economy; digital inequality; digital divide; digital services; digital infrastructure; digital work; labor market; workforce; employment; crowdsourcing; economic development; social development; developing countries |
Subjects: | Статті у базах даних > Index Copernicus Статті у періодичних виданнях > Фахові (входять до переліку фахових, затверджений МОН) |
Divisions: | Факультет економіки та управління > Кафедра міжнародної економіки |
Depositing User: | Доцент Оксана Андріївна Іващенко |
Date Deposited: | 25 Apr 2024 08:56 |
Last Modified: | 25 Apr 2024 08:56 |
URI: | https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/48792 |
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