A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age

Nikitin, A. and Lazaridis, I. and Patterson, N. and Ivanova, S. and Videiko, Mykhailo and Dergachev, V. and Kotova, N. and Lillie, M. and Potekhina, I. and Krenz-Niedbała, M. and Łukasik, S. and Makhortykh, S. and Renson, V. and Shephard, H. and Sirbu, G. and Svyryd, S. and Tkachuk, T. and Włodarczak, P. and Callan, K. and Curtis, E. and Harney, E. and Iliev, L. and Kearns, A. and Lawson, A.M. and Michel, M. and Mah, M. and Micco, A. and Jonas, O. and Lijun, Q. and Workman, J.N. and Fatma, Z. and Swapan, M. and Nadin, R. and Reich, D. (2024) A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age bioRxiv. pp. 1-33.

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Abstract

The north Black Sea (Pontic) Region was the nexus of the farmers of Old Europe and the foragers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe1,2, and the source of waves of migrants that expanded deep into Europe3–5. We report genome-wide data from 78 prehistoric North Pontic individuals to understand the genetic makeup of the people involved in these migrations and discover the reasons for their success. First, we show that native North Pontic foragers had ancestry not only from Balkan and Eastern hunter-gatherers6 but also from European farmers and, occasionally, Caucasus hunter-gatherers. More dramatic inflows ensued during the Eneolithic, when migrants from the Caucasus-Lower Volga area7 moved westward, bypassing the local foragers to mix with Trypillian farmers advancing eastward. People of the Usatove archaeological group in the Northwest Pontic were formed ca. 4500 BCE with an equal measure of ancestry from the two expanding groups. A different Caucasus-Lower Volga group, moving westward in a distinct but temporally overlapping wave, avoided the farmers altogether, and blended with the foragers instead to form the people of the Serednii Stih archaeological complex7. A third wave of expansion occurred when Yamna descendants of the Serednii Stih forming ca. 4000 BCE expanded during the Early Bronze Age (3300 BCE). The temporal gap between Serednii Stih and the Yamna expansion is bridged by a genetically Yamna individual from Mykhailivka in Ukraine (3635-3383 BCE), a site of uninterrupted archaeological continuity across the Eneolithic-Bronze Age transition, and the likely epicenter of Yamna formation. Each of these three waves propagated distinctive ancestries while also incorporating outsiders during its advance, a flexible strategy forged in the North Pontic region that may explain its peoples’ outsized success in spreading their genes and culture across Eurasia

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: genomic history; North Pontic Region; Archaeology; Neolithic; Eneolithic; Bronze Age
Subjects: Статті у періодичних виданнях > Наукові рецензовані журнали (входять до інших баз, крім перерахованих та Google Academy, мають ISSN, DOI, індекс цитування)
Divisions: Факультет суспільно-гуманітарних наук > Кафедра історії України
Depositing User: д.і.н. Михайло Юрієвич Відейко
Date Deposited: 05 Nov 2024 13:59
Last Modified: 05 Nov 2024 13:59
URI: https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/50019

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