Ethical opportunities and risks of using ChatGPT for open science: evidence from a three-year mixed-methods study

Nazarovets, S. and Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2026) Ethical opportunities and risks of using ChatGPT for open science: evidence from a three-year mixed-methods study Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology. ISSN 2633-7444

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Abstract

Purpose The open science movement is gaining traction worldwide but faces persistent human and structural challenges. This study aims to explore whether large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, can meaningfully interpret and promote open science principles while identifying relevant literature and proposing solutions to current barriers. Design/methodology/approach This study combined a bibliometric analysis of open science publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (2015–2024) with a longitudinal comparison of ChatGPT responses across three versions (3.5, 4 and 4.5) tested between 2023 and 2025. Findings Designed for researchers, educators and policymakers interested in artificial intelligence (AI) applications in scholarly communication, this work reveals both the potential and limitations of LLMs as tools for advancing open science. The findings show that ChatGPT-4.5 demonstrates improved conceptual clarity and citation reliability compared with earlier versions, although issues such as thematic biases and occasional hallucinations persist. Originality/value This study remains exploratory and is limited by a single database and nonsystematic search design. By empirically highlighting ChatGPT’s evolving capabilities, this paper contributes to the emerging discourse on the role of generative AI in fostering open science and underscores critical considerations for its responsible use in research and education.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Artificial intelligence; Large language models; Open data; Open peer review; Replication
Subjects:	Статті у базах даних > Erih Plus
Divisions:	Бібліотека
Depositing User:	Сергій Андрійович Назаровець
Date Deposited:	06 Jul 2026 09:41
Last Modified:	06 Jul 2026 09:41
URI:	https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/59129

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